Linux—shell脚本实例进阶篇

实验一

利用case语句编写脚本，满足下列要求

1.执行create时根据userfile和passfile建立用户

2.执行delete时根据userfile删除用户

1.编写脚本：

[root@localhost mnt]# vim user_ctrl.sh#!/bin/bashread -p "Please input the operation (create or delete ): " OPERATION   //输入你要执行的动作case $OPERATION in    create)              //第一种情况：create    read -p "Please input the userfile : "   USERFILE     //提示输入文件    [ -e $USERFILE ] || {                                  //判断是否存在        echo "$USERFILE is not exist "        exit 1        }    read -p "Please input the passwdfile ：" PASSFILE    [ -e $PASSFILE ] || {        echo "$PASSFILE is not exist "        exit 1        }    USERLINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $USERFILE`  //计算userfile文件行数    for LINE_NUM in `seq 1 $USERLINE`  //利用循环建立    do        USERNAME=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $USERFILE` //截取userfile文件第一行内容        PASSWORD=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $PASSFILE` //截取passfile文件第一行内容        useradd $USERNAME                                //建立用户        echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME    done    ;;    delete)      //第二种情况：delete    read -p "Please input the userfile ："   USERFILE    [ -e $USERFILE ] || {        echo "$USERFILE is not exist "        exit 1        }    USERLINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $USERFILE`    for LINE_NUM in `seq 1 $USERLINE`    do                USERNAME=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $USERFILE`                userdel -r $USERNAME    done    ;;    *)                       //第三种情况：其余各种情况    echo Eorror!    ;;esac

2.执行：

[root@localhost mnt]# cat userfile user1user2user3[root@localhost mnt]# cat passfile 123456789[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user Please input the operation (create or delete ): hello   //输入错误动作Eorror![root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user Please input the operation (create or delete ): createPlease input the userfile : user                        //输入错误文件user is not exist [root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user Please input the operation (create or delete ): createPlease input the userfile : userfilePlease input the passwdfile ：passfile               //建立用户Changing password for user user1.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.Changing password for user user2.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.Changing password for user user3.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user Please input the operation (create or delete ): delete   //删除用户Please input the userfile ：userfile[root@localhost mnt]# id user1id: user1: no such user

实验二

编写脚本auto_connect.exp满足要求：

执行：/mnt/auto_connect.exp IP password 时 密码正确，则通过 ssh 连接到该 IP 主机，并保持登陆。

1.编写脚本：

[root@foundation71 mnt]# vim auto_connect.sh #!/bin/bash/usr/bin/expect << EOF     //切换到expect环境spawn ssh root@$1        //ssh连接IPexpect {    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }   //确认连接    "password" { send "$2\r" }              //输入密码}Interact               //保留EOF                   //退出

2.执行：

[root@foundation71 mnt]# chmod +x auto_connect.sh   //添加可执行权限[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh auto_connect.sh 172.25.254.226 redhat  //添加IP和密码spawn ssh root@172.25.254.226The authenticity of host '172.25.254.226 (172.25.254.226)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '172.25.254.226' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@172.25.254.226's password: [root@foundation71 mnt]#   //自动化连接

实验三

编写脚本，当执行脚本host_ping.sh时，ping各个主机IP ，ping通，显示该IP的 hostname以及IP ，不能 ping 通，报错并显示 IP。

1.编写脚本：

#!/bin/bashAuto_Connect(){/usr/bin/expect << EOFset timeout 5spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$IP_NUM hostnameexpect {    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }    "password:" { send "westos\r" }}expect eofEOF}for IP_NUM in {71..72}do    ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP_NUM &> /dev/null && {    Host_Name=`Auto_Connect | grep -E "authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning" -v`   //过滤掉警告等语句    }    echo "      $Host_Name 172.25.254.$IP_NUM"done

2.执行：

##注意此时会出现一个覆盖问题

[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh host_ping.sh  //执行未显示主机名 172.25.254.226  172.25.254.227 [root@foundation71 mnt]# sh  -x host_ping.sh + for IP_NUM in '{226..227}'+ ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.226++ Auto_Connect++ grep -E 'authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning' -v++ /usr/bin/expect+ Host_Name=$'localhost\r'         //此时这里有主机名，但是后面自动加了/r，这是因为expect是unix工具，在unix系统中/r是换行，但在linux中成了回车，会覆盖之前内容。 172.25.254.226 ' 172.25.254.226 + for IP_NUM in '{226..227}'+ ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.227 172.25.254.227 ' 172.25.254.227 

3.我们将脚本做一个调整

#!/bin/bashAuto_Connect(){/usr/bin/expect << EOFset timeout 5spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$IP_NUM hostnameexpect {    yes/no { send "yes\r";exp_continue }    password { send "redhat\r" }}expect eofEOF}for IP_NUM in {226..227}do    ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP_NUM &> /dev/null && {        Host_Name=`Auto_Connect | grep -E "authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning" -v`    }    echo  "$Host_Name 172.25.254.$IP_NUM " | sed 's/\r//g'     //将全文的/r换为空。done

4.此时执行

[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh host_ping.sh   //成功localhost 172.25.254.226 localhost 172.25.254.227 

实验四

利用case语句备份数据库，要求

1.执行db_dump.sh westos (数据库密码）

2.脚本执行后会备份数据库中的所有数据到/mnt/mysqldump目录下

3.备份文件名称为“库名称.sql”,当此文件存在是跳过，并询问动作

4.输入”s“跳过备份，输入”b“备份“库名称.sql”文件为”库名称_backup.sql”，输入”o“覆盖原文件

1.编写脚本：

#!/bin/bashDATABASE=`mysql -uroot -EN -e "show databases;" | grep -E "^\*|schema$" -v`mkdir -p /mnt/mysqldump   //建立目录for DATABASE_NAME in $DATABASEdo    [ -e "/mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql" ] || {    mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql    echo -e "${DATABASE_NAME}.sql is backup!!"    //文件不存在，备份    } && {                                            //文件存在时询问动作    read -p "[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: " ACTION    ACTION=`echo $ACTION | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'`    case $ACTION in        s)                      //直接跳过        ;;        b)                     //更新名字备份        mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}_backup.sql        echo  "${DATABASE_NAME}_backup.sql is backup!!"        ;;        o)                      //覆盖备份        mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql        echo  "${DATABASE_NAME}.sql is overwrite!!"        ;;        exit)                    //退出        echo  "bye"        exit 0        ;;        *)                     //其他显示错误        echo  error    esac    }done

2.执行

[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh         linux.sql is backup!![S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: smysql.sql is backup!![S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exitbye[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh [S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: blinux_backup.sql is backup!![S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exitbye[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh [S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: olinux.sql is overwrite!![S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exitbye

实验五

脚本要求：

1执行脚本 lamp.sh

2.脚本执行后部署好论坛，并设定 apache 的网络接口为 8080

1.编写脚本：

真机中执行脚本#!/bin/bashAuto_Discuz(){/usr/bin/expect << EOFset timeout 30spawn ssh root@$1expect {    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }    "password:" { send "westos\r" }}expect "]#" { send "yum install httpd -y\r" }expect "]#" { send "yum install mariadb-server -y\r"}expect "]#" { send "yum install php-mysql.x86_64 -y\r"}expect "]#" { send "systemctl start httpd\r" }expect "]#" { send "systemctl start mariadb\r" }expect eofEOF}Auto_Connect(){/usr/bin/expect  << EOFset timeout 30spawn ssh root@$1expect {    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }    "password:" { send "westos\r" }}expect "]#" { send "cd /var/www/html/\r" }expect "]#" { send "unzip /var/www/html/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip >> /dev/null \r" }expect "]#" { send "chmod 777 /var/www/html/upload/ -R\r" }expect "]#" { send "systemctl restart httpd\r" }expect eofEOF}Auto_Httpd(){/usr/bin/expect << EOFset timeout 30spawn ssh root@$1expect {    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }    "password:" { send "westos\r" }}expect "]#" { send "sed "/^Listen/cListen 8080" -i /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\r" }expect "]#" { send "yum restart httpd -y\r" }expect eofEOF}yum install expect -yAuto_Discuz $1scp /home/kiosk/Downloads/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip root@$1:/var/www/htmlAuto_Connect $1firefox -new-tab $1/upload/installAuto_Httpd $1